April 6th:
1865 – Writing in the “Philadelphia Press” under the pen name “Rollin,” Thomas Morris Chester describes the Union Army’s triumphant entry into the city of Richmond, Virginia, during the closing days of the Civil War. Rollin is the only African American newspaperman writing for a mainstream daily. There will be no others for almost 70 years.
1869 – Ebenezer Don Carlos Bassett, the principal of the Institute for Colored Youth in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is named Minister to Haiti and becomes the first major African American diplomat and the first African American to receive a major appointment from the United States government.
1971 – “Contemporary Black Artists in America” opens at the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City. The exhibit includes the work of 58 master painters and sculptors such as Jacob Lawrence, Charles White, Alma Thomas, Betye Saar, David Driskell, Richard Hunt, and others.
April 7th:
1867 – Johnson C. Smith University is founded in Charlotte, North Carolina.
1940 – The first U.S. stamp ever to honor an African American is issued bearing the likeness of Booker T. Washington. His likeness is on a 10-cent stamp.
April 8th:
1974 – Hank Aaron of the Atlanta Braves hits his 715th home run against a pitch thrown by Los Angeles Dodger Al Downing at a home game in Fulton County Stadium. Aaron’s home run breaks the long-standing home run record of Babe Ruth.
1975 – Frank Robinson, major league baseball’s first African American manager, gets off to a winning start as his team, the Cleveland Indians, defeat the New York Yankees, 5-3.
1990 – Percy Julian, who helped create drugs to combat glaucoma and methods to mass produce cortisone, and agricultural scientist George Washington Carver are the first African American inventors admitted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in the hall’s 17-year history.
April 9th:
1866 – The Civil Rights Bill of 1866 is passed over the president’s veto. The bill will confer citizenship on African Americans and give them “the same right, in every State and Territory… as is enjoyed by white citizens.”
1950 – Juanita Hall becomes the first African American to win a Tony award for her role as Bloody Mary in the musical “South Pacific.”
April 10th:
1872 – The first National Black Convention meets in New Orleans, Louisiana. Frederick Douglass will be elected president.
1968 – U.S. Congress passes a Civil Rights Bill banning racial discrimination in the sale or rental of approximately 80% of the nation’s housing. The bill also made it a crime to interfere with civil rights workers and to cross state lines to incite a riot.
1975 – Lee Elder becomes the first African American to tee off as an entrant in the Masters’ Tournament in Augusta, Georgia.
April 11th:
1881 – Spelman College is founded with $100 and eleven former slaves determined to learn to read and write. It is opened as the Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary. The two female founders, Sophia B. Packard and Harriet E. Giles are appalled by the lack of educational opportunities for African American women at the time. They will return to Boston determined to get support to change that and earned what will prove to be the lifelong support of John D. Rockefeller, who considers Spelman to be one of his family’s finest investments. The name Spelman is adopted later in honor of Mrs. Rockefeller’s parents.
1966 – Emmett Ashford becomes the first African American major league umpire, working in the American League. He had been the first African American professional umpire in the minor leagues in 1951.
1968 – President Lyndon B. Johnson signs what will become known as the 1968 Housing Act, which outlaws discrimination in the sale, rental, or leasing of 80% of the housing in the United States. Passed by the Senate and submitted by the House to Johnson in the aftermath of the King assassination, the bill also protects civil rights workers and makes it a federal crime to cross state lines for the purpose of inciting a riot.
1979 – Idi Amin is deposed as president of Uganda. A combined force of Tanzanian and Ugandan soldiers overthrew the dictator. Amin, who attained power in 1971 after a coup against socialist-leaning President Milton Obote, oversaw the killing of at least 100,000 people. It is believed that Idi Amin left Uganda to live in Saudi Arabia.
1997 – The Museum of African American History opens in Detroit. It will become the largest of its kind in the world.
April 12th:
1861 – The Civil War begins as Confederate troops attack Fort Sumter, South Carolina.
1968 – African American students occupy the administration building at Boston University and demand Afro-American history courses and additional African American students.
1983 – The people of Chicago, Illinois elect Harold Washington as the city’s first African American mayor.
1990 – August Wilson’s “The Piano Lesson” wins the Pulitzer Prize for drama. It is the second Pulitzer Prize for Wilson, who also won one for “Fences” in 1987 and was awarded the New York Drama Critics’ Award for “Fences,” “Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom,” and “Joe Turner’s Come and Gone.”